The treaty at Indian Spring, was said to be done at Indian Spring, Georgia which sat between Columbus, Georgia and Atlanta, Georgia. At the time this treaty 1825 was to take place you had to go by horse back, wagon, or walk on what is call the Federal Road, which in most place was no more than 3 feet wide, through the heart of the Creek Nation.
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THE REAL STORY ABOUT THE TREATY AT INDIAN SPRING, GEORGIA
FEBRUARY 12, 1825
The first meeting talk on this treaty took place at a place close to Fort Mims on the Alabama River. In case you don't know where Fort Mims is, it is on the western side of Alabama and some what south. At the finish of this first meeting, the Americans and the Creek Indians agreed to meet a short time later at Polecat Springs in Choctaw County Alabama. In case anyone doesn't know where Choctaw County is it is all the way to the west side of Alabama. At this point it would be good to let you know that Alabama was a territory, a particular geographical region which belonged to the Creek Indians, and the State of Georgia legally had no rights there, and no rights to talk treaties with anyone outside their state lines.
Now back to where we were at, when they had finished their talks at Polecat Springs, they agreed to meet again in few days at Indian Springs/ Well let me stop again, in case you don't know, if you push a good horse as hard as you can in a day you just might make it 20 miles, but there is no way you are going to push that horse for seven days to get to Indian Spring Georgia, you would ride many of good horses to death trying to get there, not counting yourself. Plus you must remember what the so called Federal Road was like at that time, at best it may be 3 foot wide at its best point, that is why if most people had to get from Washington to New Orleans they went by ship, they had a better chance to get there alive.
Well let me tell you something you may not know, there is a second Indian Springs that is located close to Pennington, Alabama in Choctaw County, now isn't that funny, and it would only take less than a half day to walk there, even if most of the old chiefs don't walk to well. What I am telling you is that this treaty was never signed in the state of Georgia. They would have had to be super human to get from Polecat Springs, Alabama to Indian Spring, Georgia in the time limit to get from one place to the other for the meeting and signing.
Well now let me tell you that we have members that this land at Indian Springs, Georgia was given to in the will of Chief General William McIntosh in the signing of this treaty, which our brothers the Creek killed him in his living room in his hotel at Indian Spring, Georgia. We have copies of this will and land plots at Indian Spring, Georgia. We had many of our people that were living there at Indian Spring, Georgia , which is about 5000 acres. The State of Georgia was digging up the bodies of dead Indians and getting rid of them, and they burn many of our peoples homes to the ground, forcing them out of their homes. This land by the way, is worth a very large amount of money, we even have one of our members that lived there, and took this matter to Washington D.C. and file a law suit in the Federal Court. When he returned back to Indian Springs, Georgia he was placed in jail, and as far as I know today he is still there, and no one has been able to talk with him, I have talked many times with his sister France.
The point of all this is to show that every treaty that any Native American ever signed was fixed in favor of the United States. That in most cases the interpreter gave the wrong interpretation to mislead in the wrong direction because they where paid by the United States.
Since many Native Americans could not read to the middle of the 1850 and write, it was very easy to mislead them to think and believe what you where saying was suppose to be the truth, and by the time you found out it was a lie, you would have to go to war again.
We will be putting up copy's of these documents soon on our web site. Always walk in the path of our Forefather, with Yowa by your side.
Principal Chief James Billy Chance
Treaty of Indian Springs
February 12, 1825
Articles of a convention, entered into and
concluded at the Indian Springs, between Duncan G. Campbell, and James
Meriwether, Commissioners on the part of the United States of America, duly authorized, and the Chiefs of the Creek Nation, in Council assembled.
WHEREAS the said Commissioners, on the part of the United States, have
represented to the said Creek Nation that it is the policy and earnest wish of
the General Government, that the several Indian tribes within the limits of any
of the states of the Union should remove to territory to be designated on the
west side of the Mississippi river, as well for the better protection and
security of said tribes, and their improvement in civilization, as for the purpose
of enabling the United States, in this instance, to comply with the compact
entered into with the State of Georgia, on the twenty-fourth day of April, in
the year one thousand eight hundred and two: And the said Commissioners having
laid the late Message of the President of the United States, upon this subject,
before a General Council of said Creek Nation, to the end that their removal
might be effected upon terms advantageous to both parties: /B/
And whereas the Chiefs of the Creek Towns have assented to the reasonableness
of said proposition, and expressed a willingness to emigrate beyond the
Mississippi, those of Tokaubatchee excepted:
These presents therefore witness, that the contracting parties have this day
entered into the following Convention:
ART. 1. The Creek nation cede to the United States all the lands lying within
the boundaries of the State of Georgia, as defined by the compact here in before
cited, now occupied by said Nation, or to which said Nation have title or
claim; and also, all other lands which they now occupy, or to which they have
title or claim, lying north and west of a line to be run from the first
principal falls upon the Chatauhoochie river, above Cowetau town, to Ocfuskee
Old Town, upon the Tallapoosa, thence to the falls of the Coosaw river, at or
near a place called the Hickory Ground. /C/
ART. 2. It is further agreed between the contracting parties, that the United
States will give, in exchange for the lands hereby acquired, the like quantity,
acre for acre, westward of the Mississippi, on the Arkansas river, commencing
at the mouth of the Canadian Fork thereof, and running westward between said
rivers Arkansas and Canadian Fork, for quantity. But whereas said Creek Nation
have considerable improvements within the limits of the territory hereby ceded,
/D/ and will moreover have to incur expenses in their removal, it is further
stipulated, that, for the purpose of rendering a fair equivalent for the losses
and inconveniences which said Nation will sustain by removal, and to enable
them to obtain supplies in their new settlement, the United States agree to pay
to the Nation emigrating from the lands herein ceded, the sum of four hundred
thousand dollars, of which amount there shall be paid to said party of the
second part, as soon as practicable after the ratification of this treaty, the
sum of two hundred thousand dollars. And as soon as the said party of the
second part shall notify the Government of the United States of their readiness
to commence their removal, there shall be paid the further sum of one hundred
thousand dollars. And the first year after said emigrating party shall have
settled in their new country, they shall receive of the amount first above
named, the further sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. And the second year,
the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars. And annually, thereafter, the sum of
five thousand dollars, until the whole is paid.
ART. 3. And whereas the Creek Nation are now entitled to annuities of thirty
thousand dollars each, in consideration of cessions of territory heretofore
made, it is further stipulated that said last mentioned annuities are to be
hereafter divided in a just proportion between the party emigrating and those
that may remain. /E/
ART. 4. It is further stipulated that a deputation from the said parties of the
second part, may be sent out to explore the territory herein offered them in
exchange; and if the same be not acceptable to them, then they may select any
other territory, west of the Mississippi, on Red, Canadian, Arkansas, or
Missouri Rivers - - the territory occupied by the Cherokees and Choctaws
excepted; and if the territory so to be selected shall be in the occupancy of
other Indian tribes, then the United States will extinguish the title of such
occupants for the benefit of said emigrants. /F/
ART. 5. It is further stipulated, at the particular request of the said parties
of the second part, that the payment and disbursement of the first sum herein
provided for, shall be made by the present Commissioners negotiating this
treaty. /G/
ART. 6. It is further stipulated, that the payments appointed to be made, the
first and second years, after settlement in the West, shall be either in money,
merchandise, or provisions, at the option of the emigrating party. /H/
ART. 7. The United States agree to provide and support a blacksmith and
wheelwright for the said party of the second part, and give them instruction in
agriculture, as long, and in such manner, as the President may think proper.
/I/
ART. 8. Whereas the said emigrating party cannot prepare for immediate removal,
the United States stipulate, for their protection against the encroachments,
hostilities, and impositions, of the whites, and of all others; but the period
of removal shall not extend beyond the first day of September, in the year
eighteen hundred and twenty-six. /J/
ART. 9. This treaty shall be obligatory on the contracting parties, so soon as
the same shall be ratified by the President of the United States, by and with
the consent of the Senate thereof. /K/
In testimony whereof, the commissioners aforesaid, and the chiefs and head men
of the Creek nation, have hereunto set their hands and seals, this twelfth day
of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
Duncan G. Campbell, (L.S.)
James Meriwether, (L.S.)
Commissioners on the part of the United States.
William McIntosh, head chief of Cowetaus, (L.S.)
Etommee Tustunnugee, of Cowetau, his x mark, (L.S.)
Holahtau, or Col. Blue, his x mark, (L.S.)
Cowetau Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Artus Mico, or Roby McIntosh, his x mark, (L.S.)
Chilly McIntosh, (L.S.)
Joseph Marshall, (L.S.)
Athlan Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tuskenahah, his x mark, (L.S.)
Benjamin Marshall, (L.S.)
Coccus Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Forshatepu Mico, his x mark, (L.S.)
Oethlamata Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tallasee Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tuskegee Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Foshajee Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Emau Chuccolocana, his x mark, (L.S.)
Abeco Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Hijo Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Thla Tho Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tomico Holueto, his x mark, (L.S.)
Yah Te Ko Hajo, his x mark, (L.S.)
No cosee Emautla, his x mark, (L.S.)
Col. Wm. Miller, Thleeatchca, his x mark, (L.S.)
Abeco Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Hoethlepoga Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Hepocokee Emautla, his x mark, (L.S.)
Samuel Miller, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tomoc Mico, his x mark, (L.S.)
Charles Miller, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tallasee Hoja, or John Carr, his x mark, (L.S.)
Otulga Emautla, his x mark, (L.S.)
Ahalaco Yoholo of Cusetau, his x mark, (L.S.)
Walucco Hajo, of New Yauco, his x mark, (L.S.)
Cohausee Ematla, of New Yauco, his x mark, (L.S.)
Nineomau Tochee, of New Yauco, his x mark, (L.S.)
Konope Emautla, Sand Town, his x mark, (L.S.)
Chawacala Mico, Sand Town, his x mark, (L.S.)
Foctalustee Emaulta, Sand Town, his x mark, (L.S.)
Josiah Gray, from Hitchatee, his x mark, (L.S.)
William Kannard, from Hitchatee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Neha Thlucto Hatkee, from Hitchatee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Halathla Fixico, from Big Shoal, his x mark, (L.S.)
Alex. Lasley, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Espokoke Hajo, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Emauthla Hajo, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Nincomatachee, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Chuhah Hajo, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Efie Ematla, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Atausee Hopoie, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
James Fife, from Talledega, his x mark, (L.S.)
Executed on the day as above written, in presence of - -
John Crowell, agent for Indian affairs,
Wm. F. Hay, secretary,
Wm. Meriwether,
Wm. Hambly, United States interpreter.
Whereas, by a stipulation in the Treaty of the Indian Springs, in 1821, there
was a reserve of land made to include the said Indian Springs for the use of
General William M'Intosh, be it therefore known to all whom it may concern,
that we, the undersigned chiefs and head men of the Creek nation, do hereby
agree to relinquish all the right, title, and control of the Creek nation to
the said reserve, unto him the said William M'Intosh and his heirs, forever, in
as full and ample a manner as we are authorized to do. /L/
Big B. W. Warrior, (L.S.)
Yoholo Micco, his x mark, (L.S.)
Little Prince, his x mark, (L.S.)
Hopoie Hadjo, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tuskehenahau, his x mark, (L.S.)
Oakefuska Yohola, his x mark, (L.S.)
John Crowell, agent for Indian affairs, (L.S.)
July 25, 1825.
Whereas the foregoing articles of convention have been concluded between the
parties thereto: And, whereas, the Indian Chief, General William McIntosh,
claims title to the Indian Spring Reservation (upon which there are very
extensive buildings and improvements) by virtue /M/ /N/ of a relinquishment to
said McIntosh, signed in full council of the nation: And, whereas the said
General William McIntosh hath claim to another reservation of land on the
Ocmulgee river, and by his lessee and tenant, is in possession thereof:
Now these presents further witness, that the said General William McIntosh, and
also the Chiefs of the Creek Nation, in council assembled, do quit claim,
convey, and cede to the United States, the reservations aforesaid, for, and in consideration
of, the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, to be paid at the time and in the
manner as stipulated, for the first installment provided for in the preceding
treaty. Upon the ratification of these articles, the possession of said
reservations shall be considered as passing to the United States, and the
accruing rents of the present year shall pass also.
In testimony whereof, the said commissioners, on the part of the United States,
and the said William McIntosh, and the chiefs of the Creek nation, have
hereunto set their hands and seals, at the Indian Springs, this fourteenth day
of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
twenty-five.
Duncan G. Campbell, (L.S.)
James Meriwether, (L.S.)
United States commissioners.
William McIntosh, (L.S.)
Eetommee Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Tuskegoh Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Cowetau Tustunnuggee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Col. Wm. Miller, his x mark, (L.S.)
Josiah Gray, his x mark, (L.S.)
Nehathlucco Hatchee, his x mark, (L.S.)
Alexander Lasley, his x mark, (L.S.)
William Canard, his x mark, (L.S.)
Witnesses at execution:
Wm. F. Hay, secretary,
Wm. Hambly, United States interpreter. A/ Proclamation, Mar. 7, 1825. B/
Preamble. C/ Cession by the Creek. D/ Further agreement between the contracting
parties. E/ Annuities to be equally divided. F/ Territory offered said Indians
to be explored, etc. G/ Payment of the first sum to be made by the
commissioners. H/ Other payments. I/ Provision to be made by United States. J/
Extension of the time of their removal, etc. K/ When to take effect. L/ July
25, 1825. M/ Feb. 14, 1825. N/ Additional article.